Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Engine Braking shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Engine Braking offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Engine Braking at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Engine Braking? Wrong! If the Engine Braking is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Engine Braking then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Engine Braking? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Engine Braking and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Engine Braking wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Engine Braking then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Engine Braking site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Engine Braking, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Engine Braking, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Engine braking is the act of using the energy-requiring compression stroke of the internal combustion engine to dissipate energy and slow down a vehicle.
Compression braking is a common legal term for the same mechanism. Large trucks use a device called an exhaust brake to increase the effectiveness of engine braking.
Design
Compression of gas and vapor requires energy as described by theories in physical chemistry and thermodynamics. Compression in an engine is driven by the momentum of the vehicle as well as the angular momentum of the flywheel. When a driver downshifts to spin the engine at high
angular velocity (or RPM)
without pressing on the
throttle, the engine converts energy from the vehicle's velocity, which is kinetic energy, into a temperature in the fuel-air mixture. These hot gases are exhausted from the vehicle and heat is transferred from engine components to the air.
This energy conversion occurs because most four-stroke cycle engines require compression of the fuel-air mixture before ignition, in order to extract useful mechanical energy from the expansion.
Diesel engines are
adiabatic and have no spark plugs and use energy transferred to air charge during compression to directly ignite the mixture when the fuel is injected.
Advantages
The advantage of using the engine to dissipate energy is this immediate ejection of energy. Hot gases are ejected from the vehicle very quickly and the gases also transfer much of their heat directly to engine parts. In addition, friction produced within the engine system also adds heat to the engine parts.
This engine heat is taken away by the engine's integrated cooling system: usually a liquid circulation system and a radiator. disc brake or drum brake brakes have no such energy dissipation mechanisms. They must rely on air flow to remove heat and they use their mass to retain heat without producing temperatures that would deform and damage the brakes.
Placing a vehicle in a low gear causes the engine to have more
leverage (mechanical advantage) on the road and the road to have less leverage on the engine. This is what allows cars to slow down using their relatively flimsy engine parts. The engine maintains a high rotational speed to dissipate a lot of power without forcing too much strain on the engine.
The exhaust brake is used in large diesel vehicles because the rate of conversion of mechanical energy into waste thermal energy is low compared to the mechanical returns to kinetic energy from the air-spring effect in the engine.
Applications
Engine braking is always active in all non-hybrid car vehicles with an internal combustion engine, regardless of transmission type. Engine braking passively reduces wear on brakes and helps a driver maintain control of the vehicle. It is always active when the foot is lifted off the accelerator, the transmission is not in neutral, the clutch is engaged and a
freewheel is not engaged. This is often called
engine drag.
In
Hybrid Synergy Drive vehicles like the Toyota Prius, engine braking is simulated by the computer software to match the feel of a traditional automatic transmission. An additional "B" mode is also available that simulates the feel of a lower gear, and which uses theinternal combustion engine to waste energy, preventing the battery from becoming overcharged.
Active use of engine braking (shifting into a lower gear) is only advantageous when it is necessary to control speed while driving down very steep and long slopes. It should be applied before regular disk or drum brakes have been used, leaving the brakes available to make emergency stops. The desired speed is maintained by using engine braking to counteract the acceleration due to gravity.
Improper engine braking technique can cause the wheels to skid, especially on slippery surfaces such as ice or snow, as a result of too much deceleration. As in a skid caused by over-braking, the vehicle will not regain traction until the wheels are allowed to turn more quickly; the driver must reduce engine braking (shifting back up) to regain traction.
Legal implications
Compression braking, a form of engine braking, produces extreme amounts of noise pollution if there is no
muffler on the intake manifold of the engine. Use of an exhaust brake produces similar effects, due to release of compressed gasses, but the mechanism is distinct from regular car engine braking. Anecdotally, it sounds similar to a
jackhammer, however the
loudness is between 10-20 times the perceived loudness of a jackhammer. Numerous cities, municipalities, states, and provinces have banned the use of unmuffled compression brakes.
This is often a source of dissatisfaction to
Truck driver, some of whom believe that municipalities are taking advantage of them due to their
transient nature, and thus disregard the law, believing that they will be gone before a complaint can be lodged.
See also
External links
- City of Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A. trucking regulations
Engine braking is the act of using the energy-requiring compression stroke of the internal combustion engine to dissipate energy and slow down a vehicle.
Compression braking is a common legal term for the same mechanism. Large trucks use a device called an exhaust brake to increase the effectiveness of engine braking.
Design
Compression of gas and vapor requires energy as described by theories in physical chemistry and thermodynamics. Compression in an engine is driven by the
momentum of the vehicle as well as the
angular momentum of the flywheel. When a driver downshifts to spin the engine at high
angular velocity (or RPM)
without pressing on the throttle, the engine converts energy from the vehicle's
velocity, which is
kinetic energy, into a
temperature in the fuel-air mixture. These hot gases are exhausted from the vehicle and heat is transferred from engine components to the air.
This energy conversion occurs because most
four-stroke cycle engines require compression of the fuel-air mixture before ignition, in order to extract useful mechanical energy from the expansion.
Diesel engines are adiabatic and have no
spark plugs and use energy transferred to air charge during compression to directly ignite the mixture when the fuel is injected.
Advantages
The advantage of using the engine to dissipate energy is this immediate ejection of energy. Hot gases are ejected from the vehicle very quickly and the gases also transfer much of their heat directly to engine parts. In addition, friction produced within the engine system also adds heat to the engine parts.
This engine heat is taken away by the engine's integrated cooling system: usually a liquid circulation system and a radiator. disc brake or
drum brake brakes have no such energy dissipation mechanisms. They must rely on air flow to remove heat and they use their mass to retain heat without producing temperatures that would deform and damage the brakes.
Placing a vehicle in a low gear causes the engine to have more
leverage (mechanical advantage) on the road and the road to have less leverage on the engine. This is what allows cars to slow down using their relatively flimsy engine parts. The engine maintains a high rotational speed to dissipate a lot of power without forcing too much strain on the engine.
The exhaust brake is used in large diesel vehicles because the rate of conversion of mechanical energy into waste thermal energy is low compared to the mechanical returns to kinetic energy from the air-spring effect in the engine.
Applications
Engine braking is always active in all non-
hybrid car vehicles with an internal combustion engine, regardless of transmission type. Engine braking passively reduces wear on brakes and helps a driver maintain control of the vehicle. It is always active when the foot is lifted off the accelerator, the transmission is not in neutral, the clutch is engaged and a
freewheel is not engaged. This is often called
engine drag.
In Hybrid Synergy Drive vehicles like the Toyota Prius, engine braking is simulated by the computer software to match the feel of a traditional automatic transmission. An additional "B" mode is also available that simulates the feel of a lower gear, and which uses theinternal combustion engine to waste energy, preventing the battery from becoming overcharged.
Active use of engine braking (shifting into a lower gear) is only advantageous when it is necessary to control speed while driving down very steep and long slopes. It should be applied before regular disk or drum brakes have been used, leaving the brakes available to make emergency stops. The desired speed is maintained by using engine braking to counteract the acceleration due to gravity.
Improper engine braking technique can cause the wheels to skid, especially on slippery surfaces such as ice or snow, as a result of too much deceleration. As in a skid caused by over-braking, the vehicle will not regain traction until the wheels are allowed to turn more quickly; the driver must reduce engine braking (shifting back up) to regain traction.
Legal implications
Compression braking, a form of engine braking, produces extreme amounts of noise pollution if there is no muffler on the intake manifold of the engine. Use of an exhaust brake produces similar effects, due to release of compressed gasses, but the mechanism is distinct from regular car engine braking. Anecdotally, it sounds similar to a jackhammer, however the loudness is between 10-20 times the perceived loudness of a jackhammer. Numerous cities, municipalities, states, and provinces have banned the use of unmuffled compression brakes.
This is often a source of dissatisfaction to Truck driver, some of whom believe that municipalities are taking advantage of them due to their transient nature, and thus disregard the law, believing that they will be gone before a complaint can be lodged.
See also
External links
- City of Vancouver, Washington, U.S.A. trucking regulations
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